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The Information Age [a] is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century.It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. [2]
During much of the 19th century, theories of intelligence focused on measuring the size of human skulls. [3] Anthropologists well known for their attempts to correlate cranial size and capacity with intellectual potential were Samuel Morton and Paul Broca. [3] The modern theories of intelligence began to emerge along with experimental psychology.
Mülberger (2020) has pointed out that an intelligence test is a theory-laden tool that 'does something' with those who interact with it. The Binet-Simon Intelligence Test instrumentalized intelligence for psychologists for the first time. Consequently, ontological assumptions and conceptual understandings were black-boxed.
Artificial intelligence is the development of computer systems enabling machines to learn, and make intelligent decisions to achieve a set of defined goals. [7] MIT physicist Max Tegmark was one of the first people to use the term "Age of Artificial Intelligence" in his 2017 non-fiction book Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial ...
He was called "the 20th century's first AI pioneer". [9] In his Essays on Automatics (1914), Torres published speculation about thinking and automata and introduced the idea of floating-point arithmetic. [42] [43] 1923 Karel Čapek's play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) opened in London. This is the first use of the word "robot" in English. [44]
The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory is an integration of two previously established theoretical models of intelligence: the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence (Gf-Gc) (Cattell, 1941; Horn 1965), and Carroll's three-stratum theory (1993), a hierarchical, three-stratum model of intelligence. Due to substantial similarities between the ...
Human intelligence is the intellectual capability of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness.Using their intelligence, humans are able to learn, form concepts, understand, and apply logic and reason.
The 20th century began on 1 January 1901 (MCMI), and ended on 31 December 2000 (MM). [1] [2] It was the 10th and last century of the 2nd millennium and was marked by new models of scientific understanding, unprecedented scopes of warfare, new modes of communication that would operate at nearly instant speeds, and new forms of art and entertainment.