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  2. Length contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Length_contraction

    Length contraction is the phenomenon that a moving object's length is measured to be shorter than its proper length, which is the length as measured in the object's own rest frame. [1] It is also known as Lorentz contraction or Lorentz–FitzGerald contraction (after Hendrik Lorentz and George Francis FitzGerald ) and is usually only noticeable ...

  3. Lorentz ether theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_ether_theory

    The so-called Length contraction without expansion perpendicularly to the line of motion and by the precise value = / (where l 0 is the length at rest in the aether) was given by Larmor in 1897 and by Lorentz in 1904. In the same year, Lorentz also argued that electrons themselves are also affected by this contraction.

  4. Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics:_Principles...

    The first edition of the book was published in 1960. Until the 10th edition, the author was Campbell R. McConnell, professor of economics at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and since the 11th edition, which was published in 1990, Stanley L. Brue, a professor of economics, has become a co-author. [1]

  5. Bell's spaceship paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_spaceship_paradox

    For instance, Bell argued that the length contraction of objects as well as the lack of length contraction between objects in frame S can be explained using relativistic electromagnetism. The distorted electromagnetic intermolecular fields cause moving objects to contract, or to become stressed if hindered from doing so.

  6. List of unsolved problems in economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Transformation problem: The transformation problem is the problem specific to Marxist economics, and not to economics in general, of finding a general rule by which to transform the values of commodities based on socially necessary labour time into the competitive prices of the marketplace. The essential difficulty is how to reconcile profit in ...

  7. Experimental testing of time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_testing_of...

    Time dilation and length contraction. Length of the atmosphere: The contraction formula is given by = /, where L 0 is the proper length of the atmosphere and L its contracted length. As the atmosphere is at rest in S, we have γ=1 and its proper Length L 0 is measured. As it is in motion in S′, we have γ>1 and its contracted length L′ is ...

  8. Tests of special relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tests_of_special_relativity

    However, there are indirect confirmations; for example, the behavior of colliding heavy ions can be explained if their increased density due to Lorentz contraction is considered. Contraction also leads to an increase of the intensity of the Coulomb field perpendicular to the direction of motion, whose effects already have been observed ...

  9. Ladder paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladder_paradox

    This variability in length is just the Lorentz contraction. Similarly, a physical angle is defined as the angle formed by three simultaneous events, and this angle will also be a relative quantity. In the above paradox, although the rod and the plane of the ring are parallel in the rest frame of the ring, they are not parallel in the rest frame ...