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One example of progressive reform was the rise of the city manager system in which paid, professional engineers ran the day-to-day affairs of city governments under guidelines established by elected city councils. Many cities created municipal "reference bureaus" which did expert surveys of government departments looking for waste and inefficiency.
The Paradox of Progressive Education: The Gary Plan and Urban Schooling, (Kennikat Press, 1979), online book review; Cremin, Lawrence A. The transformation of the school: progressivism in American education, 1896–1957 (Knopf, 1961), pp. 153–160. Dewey, John, and Evelyn Dewey. Schools of To-morrow (1915), pp 175–204 and 251-268. online
It has become a staple of twentieth-century historiography that Cold War concerns were at the root of a number of progressive political accomplishments in the postwar period: a high progressive marginal tax rate that helped fund the arms race and contributed to broad income equality; bipartisan support for far-reaching civil rights legislation ...
Progressive Education: Revisioning and Reframing Ontario's Public Schools, 1919–1942 (2013) Hughes, John Patrick. "Theory into practice in Australian progressive education: the Enmore Activity School." History of Education Review 44#1 (2015). Keskin, Yusuf. "Progressive Education in Turkey: Reports of John Dewey and his Successors."
The tensions between the neoliberal and rural progressive wings of the Democratic Party erupted again as Congress debated the 1990 Farm Bill and the 1992 North American Free Trade Agreement.
Republicans during the Progressive Era were divided between a conservative faction and a progressive faction. [33] Theodore Roosevelt split from the Republican Party in 1912, and his supporters formed the short-lived Progressive Party. This party advocated a strong collectivist government and a large number of social and political reforms. [39]
Bernie Sanders has been called a populist from the opposite side of the political spectrum to Trump, [36] [37] with many differences between the two. [38] Sanders' populism is opposed to political, corporate, and media elites, especially the American financial industry epitomized by Wall Street, as well as the wealthiest one percent.
The other four were forms of "political populism", representing populist dictatorship, populist democracy, reactionary populism, and politicians' populism. [38] She noted that these were "analytical constructs" and that "real-life examples may well overlap several categories", [ 39 ] adding that no single political movement fitted into all ...