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An abstract class may have non-public methods and properties (also abstract ones). An interface can only have public members. An abstract class may have constants, static methods and static members. An interface cannot. An abstract class may have constructors. An interface cannot.
C#: Since version 8.0, C# has support for default interface methods, [7] which have some properties of traits. [8] C++: Used in Standard Template Library and the C++ standard library to support generic container classes [9] [10] and in the Boost TypeTraits library. [11]
C# (/ ˌ s iː ˈ ʃ ɑːr p / see SHARP) [b] is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms.C# encompasses static typing, [16]: 4 strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, [16]: 22 object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
As a precursor to the lambda functions introduced in C# 3.0, C#2.0 added anonymous delegates. These provide closure-like functionality to C#. [3] Code inside the body of an anonymous delegate has full read/write access to local variables, method parameters, and class members in scope of the delegate, excepting out and ref parameters.
Similar to C#, a Java extension method is declared static in an @Extension class where the first argument has the same type as the extended class and is annotated with @This. Alternatively, the Fluent plugin allows calling any static method as an extension method without using annotations, as long as the method signature matches.
An object consists of state data and behavior; these compose an interface, which specifies how the object may be used. A method is a behavior of an object parametrized by a user. Data is represented as properties of the object, and behaviors are represented as methods.
Because the classes implement the interface (even if the actual interface doesn’t contain any methods or properties to implement) it will pick up all the extension methods also. [3] [4] [22] C# 8.0 adds the feature of default interface methods. [23] [24]
C# has a static class syntax (not to be confused with static inner classes in Java), which restricts a class to only contain static methods. C# 3.0 introduces extension methods to allow users to statically add a method to a type (e.g., allowing foo.bar() where bar() can be an imported extension method working on the type of foo).