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The Dam Safety Interest Group of CEA Technologies, Inc. (CEATI), a consortium of electrical power organizations, has applied Spread-spectrum time-domain reflectometry to identify potential faults in concrete dam anchor cables. The key benefit of Time Domain reflectometry over other testing methods is the non-destructive method of these tests. [10]
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. It is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer which measures the impedance of the cable or transmission line under test.
A spatial TDR moisture sensor employs time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure moisture content indirectly based on the correlation to electric and dielectric properties of materials, such as soil, agrarian products, snow, wood or concrete.
Spread-spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR) is a measurement technique to identify faults, usually in electrical wires, by observing reflected spread spectrum signals. This type of time-domain reflectometry can be used in various high-noise and live environments. Additionally, SSTDR systems have the additional benefit of being able to ...
There are two basic principles of measurement for distributed sensing technology, OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometry) and OFDR (optical frequency-domain reflectometry). For distributed temperature sensing often a code correlation technology [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] is employed which carries elements from both principles.
In time-domain reflectometry (TDR), fast pulses are emitted, and the magnitude, duration and shape of the reflected pulses is analyzed. Frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR): [5] [6] this technique is based on the transmission of a set of stepped-frequency sine waves from the sample. As with TDR, these waves propagate to the sample and are ...
Phase-sensitive coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR) is a technique that can provide sufficient sensitivity and resolution for these distributed acoustic sensing systems. [2] Standard optical time-domain reflectometry techniques use light sources with coherence lengths, which are shorter than pulse lengths. This can yield a sum ...
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