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A cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix. [2] Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester , however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity – a so-called cervico-isthmic pregnancy – it may continue longer. [ 3 ]
In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. Conventionally, it is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth, as the fetus assumes various positions and postures during the course of childbirth .
The scoring is based on a digital cervical exam and takes into consideration cervical dilation, position, effacement, consistency of the cervix and fetal station. [10] Cervical dilation measures how dilated the cervix is in centimeters; Position refers to the position of the cervix relative to the fetal head and pelvis [10]
In cases of cervical weakness, dilation and effacement of the cervix may occur without pain or uterine contractions. In a normal pregnancy, dilation and effacement occurs in response to uterine contractions. Cervical weakness becomes a problem when the cervix is pushed to open by the growing pressure in the uterus as pregnancy progresses.
Rankins says cervical insufficiency happens when there's painless dilation, or opening, of the cervix, typically in the second trimester of pregnancy, or during weeks 13 through 28.
Early pregnancy low position, which in third trimester may be entirely normal due to differential growth of the uterus. In such cases, repeat scanning is done after an interval of 15–30 minutes. In parts of the world where ultrasound is unavailable, it is not uncommon to confirm the diagnosis with an examination in the surgical theatre.
Ladin's sign is a clinical sign of pregnancy in which there is softening in the midline of the uterus anteriorly at the junction of the uterus and cervix. It occurs and is detectable with a manual examination at about 6 weeks' gestation. [1] Ladin's sign is often present during the woman's first pelvic exam when pregnancy is suspected. [2]
The normal period of gestation (pregnancy) is about nine months or 40 weeks. The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization through the development of the early embryo until implantation is completed in the uterus. The germinal stage takes around 10 days. [1] During this stage, the zygote divides in a process called cleavage.