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Zika fever, also known as Zika virus disease or simply Zika, is an infectious disease caused by the Zika virus. [1] Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. [1] [4] Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash.
Zika fever (also known as Zika virus disease) is an illness caused by Zika virus. [80] Around 80% of cases are estimated to be asymptomatic, though the accuracy of this figure is hindered by the wide variance in data quality, and figures from different outbreaks can vary significantly. [ 81 ]
Zika is generally found in mosquitoes and monkeys in a band of countries stretching across equatorial Africa) [10] and Asia (Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia). [11] [12] [13] The first confirmed case of Zika fever in a human occurs in Uganda during 1964 in a field researcher, who experiences a mild, non-itchy rash. [4]
The viral diseases yellow fever, dengue fever, Zika fever and chikungunya are transmitted mostly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. [ citation needed ] Other viral diseases like epidemic polyarthritis , Rift Valley fever , Ross River fever , St. Louis encephalitis , West Nile fever , Japanese encephalitis , La Crosse encephalitis and several other ...
An epidemic of Zika fever, caused by Zika virus, began in Brazil and affected other countries in the Americas from April 2015 to November 2016. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the end of the epidemic in November 2016, but noted that the virus still represents "a highly significant and long term problem". [2]
Zika virus also causes severe non-congenital nervous system inflammatory disorders such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome, encephalitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, and transverse myelitis; in rare cases, it also causes cerebrovascular strokes. As of 2023, there were no vaccines or antiviral medications available to treat Zika fever. [79]
Transmission of the virus into humans can lead to a viral infection known as Spondweni fever, with symptoms that include headache, nausea, myalgia (muscle pain) and arthralgia (joint pain). [ 1 ] [ 3 ] However, as SPONV is phylogenetically close to the ZIKV, it is commonly misdiagnosed as ZIKV along with other viral illnesses.
Flavivirus, renamed Orthoflavivirus in 2023, [3] is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae.The genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis, [4] as well as insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) such as cell fusing agent virus (CFAV), Palm Creek ...