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Pitaya usually refers to fruit of the genus Stenocereus, while pitahaya or dragon fruit refers to fruit of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus), both in the family Cactaceae. [3] The common name in English – dragon fruit – derives from the leather-like skin and scaly spikes on the fruit exterior.
Several species previously placed in the genus have large edible fruits, which are known as pitayas, pitahayas or dragonfruits. In 2017, a molecular phylogenetic study confirmed an earlier finding that the genus Hylocereus was nested within Selenicereus , so all the species of Hylocereus were transferred to Selenicereus .
Dragonfruit stems are scandent (climbing habit), creeping, sprawling or clambering, and branch profusely. There can be four to seven of them, between 5 and 10 m (16 and 33 ft)or longer, with joints from 30 to 120 cm (12 to 47 in) or longer, and 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) thick; with generally three ribs; margins are corneous (horn-like) with age, and undulate.
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan (/ ˈ l ɒ ŋ ɑː n /) and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit. [3] It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae , to which the lychee and rambutan also belong. [ 3 ]
The species is grown commercially for its yellow fruit, but is also an impressive ornamental climbing vine with perhaps the largest flowers of all cacti. The yellow skinned fruit of S. megalanthus has thorns, unlike the green, red or yellow skinned dragon fruits of S. undatus, S. monacanthus and their cultivated hybrids.
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