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"Corporate governance" may be defined, described or delineated in diverse ways, depending on the writer's purpose. Writers focused on a disciplinary interest or context (such as accounting, finance, law, or management) often adopt narrow definitions that appear purpose-specific.
Robert Ian (Bob) Tricker (born 1933) [1] is an expert in corporate governance who wrote the first book to use the title corporate governance in 1984, [2] based on his research at Nuffield College, Oxford. He was also the founder-editor of the research journal Corporate Governance: An International Review (1993). [3]
Policy Governance, informally known as the Carver model, is a system for organizational governance. Policy Governance defines and guides appropriate relationships between an organization's owners, board of directors , and chief executive .
Carver's model clarifies the separation by having the board explicitly state the board's and CEO's jobs in a set of written policies (hence the name Policy Governance). This set of policies is divided into four types. One is the organization's goals (or Ends), and three are about the means the board and CEO employ to attain those ends.
Corporate governance consists of the set of processes, customs, policies, laws and institutions affecting the way people direct, administer or control an organization. Corporate governance also includes the relationships between people within an organization, (the stakeholders) and the corporate goals.
There are two main models of corporate governance, (i) the shareholder model, which prioritizes the return on investment for investors, and (ii) the stakeholder model that also emphasizes a responsibility towards other groups and wider considerations. [10]
There are three main views as to why codetermination exists: to reduce management-labour conflict by improving and systematizing communication channels; [3] to increase bargaining power of workers at the expense of owners by means of legislation; [4] and to correct market failures by means of public policy. [5]
The standard provides principles, a model and vocabulary as a basic framework for implementing effective corporate governance of information and communication technology (ICT) within any organization. [1] [2] The standard was the first "to describe governance of IT without resorting to descriptions of management systems and processes."
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