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The defensive attribution hypothesis (or bias, theory, or simply defensive attribution) is a social psychological term where an observer attributes the causes for a mishap to minimize their fear of being a victim or a cause in a similar situation.
Defensive behaviors are carried out when a person feels threatened during communication and hence the need to defend him or herself. [1] Supportive communication is important as humans interact, as people need to feel a connection with other people. [2] Gibb believes that there are times and places when to use his methods of communication.
Defensive communication leads to the degrading of discourse in a group. Defensive communication is a communicative behavior that occurs within relationships, work environments, and social groups [ 1 ] [ 2 ] when an individual reacts in a defensive manner in response to a self-perceived flaw or a threat from outsiders.
The Attribution theories have been used as a tool to analyze causal attributions made by consumers and its effectiveness in marketing communication. [ 52 ] [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ clarification needed ] Attribution theory has also been utilized to examine external and internal factors of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and the affects the ...
Hostile attribution bias (HAB) has been defined as an interpretive bias wherein individuals exhibit a tendency to interpret others' ambiguous behaviors as hostile, rather than benign. [7] [8] For example, if a child witnesses two other children whispering, they may assume that the children are talking negatively about them. In this case, the ...
Several theories predict the fundamental attribution error, and thus both compete to explain it, and can be falsified if it does not occur. Some examples include: Just-world fallacy. The belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, the concept of which was first theorized by Melvin J. Lerner in 1977. [11]
This hostile attribution bias may contribute to increased intergroup hostility and authoritarian behavior in the long run, according to study co-author and NCRI Chief Science Officer Joel Finkelstein.
Fundamental attribution error, the tendency for people to overemphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior [115] (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect).