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4-Nitrophenol is an intermediate in the synthesis of paracetamol. It is reduced to 4-aminophenol, then acetylated with acetic anhydride. [6] 4-Nitrophenol is used as the precursor for the preparation of phenetidine and acetophenetidine, indicators, and raw materials for fungicides. Bioaccumulation of this compound rarely occurs.
Paracetamol, [a] or acetaminophen, [b] is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [13] [14] [15] It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol. Paracetamol relieves pain in both acute mild migraine and episodic tension headache.
Prominently, it is the final intermediate in the industrial synthesis of paracetamol. Treating 4-aminophenol with acetic anhydride gives paracetamol: [8] [9] [10] It is a precursor to amodiaquine, mesalazine, AM404, parapropamol, B-86810 & B-87836 (c.f. WO 2001042204 ). 4-Aminophenol converts readily to the diazonium salt. [11]
An industrial synthesis of paracetamol developed by Hoechst–Celanese involves the conversion of a methyl ketone to an acetanilide via a Beckmann rearrangement. [15] The thermal rearrangement that occurs in the synthesis of ketamine was claimed to be a Beckmann rearrangement according to: url.
For example, CYP2E1 is the gene that encodes the enzyme CYP2E1—one of the enzymes involved in paracetamol (acetaminophen) metabolism. The CYP nomenclature is the official naming convention, although occasionally CYP450 or CYP 450 is used synonymously. These names should never be used as according to the nomenclature convention (as they denote ...
AM404, also known as N-arachidonoylphenolamine, [1] [2] is an active metabolite of paracetamol (acetaminophen), responsible for all or part of its analgesic action [3] and anticonvulsant effects. [4] Chemically, it is the amide formed from 4-aminophenol and arachidonic acid. AM404 is one of the AM cannabinoids discovered by Alexandros ...
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.Analgesics are conceptually distinct from anesthetics, which temporarily reduce, and in some instances eliminate, sensation, although analgesia and anesthesia are neurophysiologically overlapping and thus various drugs have both analgesic and ...
NAPQI, also known as NAPBQI or N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, is a toxic byproduct produced during the xenobiotic metabolism of the analgesic paracetamol (acetaminophen). [1] It is normally produced only in small amounts, and then almost immediately detoxified in the liver.