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In two dimensions, the Levi-Civita symbol is defined by: = {+ (,) = (,) (,) = (,) = The values can be arranged into a 2 × 2 antisymmetric matrix: = (). Use of the two-dimensional symbol is common in condensed matter, and in certain specialized high-energy topics like supersymmetry [1] and twistor theory, [2] where it appears in the context of 2-spinors.
The numbers under the Fano diagrams (the set of lines in the diagram) indicate a set of indices for seven independent products in each case, interpreted as ijk → e i × e j = e k. The multiplication table is recovered from the Fano diagram by following either the straight line connecting any three points, or the circle in the center, with a ...
In algebra, the Leibniz formula, named in honor of Gottfried Leibniz, expresses the determinant of a square matrix in terms of permutations of the matrix elements. If A {\displaystyle A} is an n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrix, where a i j {\displaystyle a_{ij}} is the entry in the i {\displaystyle i} -th row and j {\displaystyle j} -th ...
Any bilinear map is a multilinear map. For example, any inner product on a -vector space is a multilinear map, as is the cross product of vectors in .; The determinant of a matrix is an alternating multilinear function of the columns (or rows) of a square matrix.
where | g | is the absolute value of the determinant of the matrix of scalar coefficients of the metric tensor . These are useful when dealing with divergences and Laplacians (see below). The covariant derivative of a vector field with components is given by:
The cross product with respect to a right-handed coordinate system. In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol .
Let A be an m × n matrix and k an integer with 0 < k ≤ m, and k ≤ n.A k × k minor of A, also called minor determinant of order k of A or, if m = n, the (n − k) th minor determinant of A (the word "determinant" is often omitted, and the word "degree" is sometimes used instead of "order") is the determinant of a k × k matrix obtained from A by deleting m − k rows and n − k columns.
In mathematics, the Bareiss algorithm, named after Erwin Bareiss, is an algorithm to calculate the determinant or the echelon form of a matrix with integer entries using only integer arithmetic; any divisions that are performed are guaranteed to be exact (there is no remainder).