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TNT was expensive to make and was in short supply, so Amatol, a mixture of various proportions of TNT and Ammonium nitrate, was adopted instead. [1] On 20 August 1915 Godfrey Chetwynd, 8th Viscount Chetwynd, was given the task of designing, building and superintending the running of a factory to fill large-calibre shells with Amatol. [1]
On-target effects are enhanced by the shell's HF-1 steel body. The 155 mm M549 HERA forward shell body is filled with a nominal 7.26 kg (16.0 lb) of Composition B. The M549A1 HERA filler is 6.8 kg (15 lb) of cast TNT. At the instant of firing, the propellant gases ignite a pyrotechnic delay train in the rocket motor.
Main fill for the Spider Grenade, thus a low critical diameter is required. [ 14 ] The performance of PAX -28, a thermobaric , containing a mixture of RDX , DNAN, Al , AP and MNA was found to have an indoor explosive equivalency factor of 1.62 when compared to Composition B . [ 12 ]
TNT can be detonated with a high velocity initiator or by efficient concussion. [22] For many years, TNT used to be the reference point for the Figure of Insensitivity. TNT had a rating of exactly 100 on the "F of I" scale. The reference has since been changed to a more sensitive explosive called RDX, which has an F of I rating of 80. [23]
The body consists of a hollow steel shell containing high explosive (either TNT or Composition B) painted olive drab with yellow markings. [1] A fuze adapter is screwed into the body and brazed in place. An eyebolt lifting plug is screwed into the fuze well to assist in transportation. The plug is removed and replaced with a fuze for firing.
Radford Army Ammunition Plant (RFAAP) is an ammunition manufacturing complex for the U.S. military with facilities located in Pulaski and Montgomery Counties, Virginia.The primary mission of the RFAAP is to manufacture propellants and explosives in support of field artillery, air defense, tank, missile, aircraft, and naval weapons systems.
The MkIII had a far larger TNT filling than the Mk II series, up to 8 oz (230 g) of TNT, in comparison to1.8 oz (51 g). Although a minimum-fragmentation grenade, large fragments (most likely the fuse assembly or surrounding material) could be projected as far as 200 m (660 ft) from the detonation point.
A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8 ft) on a side. The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.184 × 10 15 J). [3] The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon.