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Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
In computing, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [2] A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index, also called a hash code, into an array of buckets or slots, from which the desired value ...
remove a (,) pair from the collection, unmapping a given key from its value. The argument to this operation is the key. Lookup, find, or get find the value (if any) that is bound to a given key. The argument to this operation is the key, and the value is returned from the operation.
In Python, == compares by value. Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator ...
A tabular data card proposed for Babbage's Analytical Engine showing a key–value pair, in this instance a number and its base-ten logarithm. A key–value database, or key–value store, is a data storage paradigm designed for storing, retrieving, and managing associative arrays, and a data structure more commonly known today as a dictionary or hash table.
A universal hashing scheme is a randomized algorithm that selects a hash function h among a family of such functions, in such a way that the probability of a collision of any two distinct keys is 1/m, where m is the number of distinct hash values desired—independently of the two keys. Universal hashing ensures (in a probabilistic sense) that ...
An alternative approach, called key strengthening, deploys two salts, one public and one secret, but then (unlike in key stretching) securely deletes the secret salt. This forces both the attacker and legitimate users to perform a brute-force search for the secret salt value.
Trie-Find(x, key) for 0 ≤ i < key.length do if x.Children[key[i]] = nil then return false end if x := x.Children[key[i]] repeat return x.Value In the above pseudocode, x and key correspond to the pointer of trie's root node and the string key respectively.