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In parallel computing, granularity (or grain size) of a task is a measure of the amount of work (or computation) which is performed by that task. [1]Another definition of granularity takes into account the communication overhead between multiple processors or processing elements.
In software engineering, "programming in the large" and "programming in the small" refer to two different aspects of writing software. "Programming in the large" means designing a larger system as a composition of smaller parts, and "programming in the small" means creating those smaller parts by writing lines of code in a programming language.
Bit-level parallelism is a form of parallel computing based on increasing processor word size.Increasing the word size reduces the number of instructions the processor must execute in order to perform an operation on variables whose sizes are greater than the length of the word.
C.mmp, a multi-processor project at Carnegie Mellon University in the 1970s, was among the first multiprocessors with more than a few processors. The first bus-connected multiprocessor with snooping caches was the Synapse N+1 in 1984. [73] SIMD parallel computers can be traced back to the 1970s.
The (IBM) SPMD programming model assumes a multiplicity of processors which operate cooperatively, all executing the same program but can take different paths through the program based on parallelization directives embedded in the program; and specifically as stated in [6] [5] [4] [9] [10] “all processes participating in the parallel ...
In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality : how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures ...
The parallel random-access machine [10] The actor model; Computational bridging models such as the bulk synchronous parallel (BSP) model; Petri nets; Process calculi. Calculus of communicating systems (CCS) Communicating sequential processes (CSP) model; π-calculus; Tuple spaces, e.g., Linda; Simple Concurrent Object-Oriented Programming (SCOOP)
It was the basis for Intel and HP development of the Intel Itanium architecture, [3] and HP later asserted that "EPIC" was merely an old term for the Itanium architecture. [4] EPIC permits microprocessors to execute software instructions in parallel by using the compiler, rather than complex on-die circuitry, to control parallel instruction ...