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  2. International Grape Genome Program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Grape_Genome...

    The International Grape Genomics Program (IGGP) is a collaborative genome project dedicated to determining the genome sequence of the grapevine Vitis vinifera. It is a multinational project involving research centers in Australia , Canada , Chile , France , Germany , Italy , South Africa , Spain , and the United States .

  3. Ampelography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampelography

    Vitis labrusca. Ampelography (ἄμπελος, "vine" + γράφος, "writing") is the field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines, Vitis spp. Traditionally this has been done by comparing the shape and colour of the vine leaves and grape berries; more recently the study of vines has been revolutionised by DNA fingerprinting.

  4. Wine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_chemistry

    As climate change disrupts long-established patterns of temperature and precipitation in wine-growing regions and causes more extreme weather events, the rate at which sugars, acids and secondary compounds develop during the growing season can be disrupted.

  5. Auxotrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxotrophy

    In genetics, a strain is said to be auxotrophic if it carries a mutation that renders it unable to synthesize an essential compound. For example, a yeast mutant with an inactivated uracil synthesis pathway gene is a uracil auxotroph (e.g., if the yeast Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene is inactivated, the resultant strain is a uracil ...

  6. Rate of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_evolution

    The rate of evolution is quantified as the speed of genetic or morphological change in a lineage over a period of time. The speed at which a molecular entity (such as a protein, gene, etc.) evolves is of considerable interest in evolutionary biology since determining the evolutionary rate is the first step in characterizing its evolution. [1]

  7. Allorhizobium vitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allorhizobium_vitis

    Allorhizobium vitis is a plant pathogen that infects grapevines.The species is best known for causing a tumor known as crown gall disease. [5] One of the virulent strains, A. vitis S4, is responsible both for crown gall on grapevines and for inducing a hypersensitive response in other plant species. [6]

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  9. Clarification and stabilization of wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarification_and...

    This matter may include dead yeast cells , bacteria, tartrates, proteins, pectins, various tannins and other phenolic compounds, as well as pieces of grape skin, pulp, stems and gums. [1] Clarification and stabilization may involve fining, filtration, centrifugation, flotation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and/or barrel maturation and racking.