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The primary factor differentiating unstable angina from stable angina (other than symptoms) is the underlying pathophysiology of the atherosclerosis. The pathophysiology of unstable angina is the reduction of coronary blood flow due to transient platelet aggregation on apparently normal endothelium , coronary artery spasms, or coronary thrombosis .
Aspirin therapy to prevent heart disease is thus recommended only in adults who are at increased risk for cardiovascular events, which may include postmenopausal females, males above 40, and younger people with risk factors for coronary heart disease, including high blood pressure, a family history of heart disease, or diabetes. The benefits ...
The exception to this is with smoking, which is known to be a modifiable risk factor for vasospastic angina. [9] [10] There are several risk factors that are thought to precipitate, or trigger, episodes of coronary vasospasm. Many of these factors work by exerting effects on the autonomic nervous system.
The TIMI risk score can identify high risk patients in ST-elevation and non-ST segment elevation MI ACS [30] [31] and has been independently validated. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Based on a global registry of 102,341 patients, the GRACE risk score estimates in-hospital, 6 months, 1 year, and 3-year mortality risk after a heart attack. [ 34 ]
Angina may start to occur when the vessel is 70% occluded. [9] Lack of oxygen may also result in a myocardial infarction (heart attack). [26] CAD can be contracted over time. Risk factors include a family history of CAD, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, inactive lifestyle, mental stress and high cholesterol.
Under physical exertion, CAD induces chest pain, termed 'stable angina'. Stable angina may deteriorate into unstable angina, marking the initiation of Acute Coronary Syndrome, which may further deteriorate into a myocardial infarction. Risk factors for CAD include smoking, [26] high cholesterol, obesity, and family history of CAD. Primarily ...
The CCS grading system for angina is, in part, used to evaluate fitness to fly by the British Cardiovascular Society.They recommend no action by class I and II patients with stable angina, class III should consider mobility assistance from airport staff and in-flight supplemental oxygen therapy, and that class IV patients should ideally defer their travel plans or travel with a medical ...
Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. [2] Symptoms of coronary thrombosis are not always evident at the start. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the upper body.
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