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Status epilepticus (SE), or status seizure, is a medical condition with abnormally prolonged seizures. It can have long-term consequences, [ 3 ] manifesting as a single seizure lasting more than a defined time (time point 1), or 2 or more seizures over the same period without the person returning to normal between them.
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a fatal complication of epilepsy. [1] It is defined as the sudden and unexpected, non-traumatic and non-drowning death of a person with epilepsy, without a toxicological or anatomical cause of death detected during the post-mortem examination.
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), is onset of severe seizures (status epilepticus) following a febrile illness in someone who was previously healthy. [1] The seizures may initially be focal; however, often become tonic-clonic. [4] Complications often include intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and ongoing seizures ...
Sometimes modest hyperthermic stressors like physical exertion or a hot bath can provoke seizures in affected individuals. [6] However, any seizure uninterrupted after 5 minutes, without a resumption of postictal (more normal; recovery-type; after-seizure) consciousness can lead to potentially fatal status epilepticus. [citation needed]
In those with a single seizure lasting greater than 5 minutes or two consecutive seizures lasting greater than 5 minutes in which the person has not returned to their baseline mental status, defined as status epilepticus, intravenous lorazepam, rectal diazepam, or intranasal midazolam is recommended.
Convulsive status epilepticus that does not respond to initial treatment typically requires admission to the intensive care unit and treatment with stronger agents such as midazolam infusion, ketamine, thiopentone or propofol. [106] Most institutions have a preferred pathway or protocol to be used in a seizure emergency like status epilepticus ...
However, the prolonged seizure of febrile status epilepticus leads to a 9% risk for developing epilepsy. [26] There is no clear relationship between febrile seizures and development of hippocampal sclerosis. [26] Those who experienced any sort of brain injury in their early life have a higher risk of developing epilepsy. [12]
A seizure can last from a few seconds to 5 minutes. [5] Once it reaches and passes 5 minutes, it is known as status epilepticus. [3] [5] [9] Accidental urination (urinary incontinence), stool leaking (fecal incontinence), tongue biting, foaming of the mouth, and turning blue due to inability to breathe commonly are seen in seizures. [3] [8]
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