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This compression, called cardiac tamponade, is often associated with hemopericardium and can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. [6] Early signs of this compression include right atrial inversion during ventricular systole followed by diastolic compression of the right ventricular outflow tract .
Initial treatment may include needle decompression: Definitive treatment for most patients will include tube thoracostomy: Hemothorax Relieve pressure within the chest cavity Management requires tube thoracostomy: Cardiac tamponade Relieve pressure within the pericardium: Initial treatment may require pericardiocentesis. This procedure may be ...
Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade (/ ˌ t æ m. p ə ˈ n eɪ d / [4]), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart). [2] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [2]
Pericardiocentesis can be used to diagnose and treat cardiac tamponade. [3] [4] Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency in which excessive accumulation of fluid within the pericardium (pericardial effusion) creates increased pressure. [5] This prevents the heart from filling normally with blood.
A resuscitative thoracotomy is indicated when severe injuries within the thoracic cavity (such as hemorrhage) prevent the physiologic functions needed to sustain life.The injury may also affect a specific organ such as the heart, which can develop an air embolism or a cardiac tamponade (which prevents the heart from beating properly).
A classic finding of cardiac tamponade is Beck's triad. The triad includes hypotension, jugular vein distension, and muffled heart sounds. Kussmaul's sign and pulsus paradoxus may also be seen. [10] Low-voltage QRS complexes and electrical alternans are signs on EKG. However, EKG may not show these findings and most often shows tachycardia. [11]
Pericardial window may be used to treat pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. [2] [3] It is the most common procedure to treat pericardial effusion, particularly if caused by cancer. [4] Untreated, these can lead to death.
Cardiac arrest is diagnosed by the inability to find a pulse in an unresponsive patient. [4] [1] The goal of treatment for cardiac arrest is to rapidly achieve return of spontaneous circulation using a variety of interventions including CPR, defibrillation, and/or cardiac pacing.