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  2. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Cum hoc ergo propter hoc (Latin for 'with this, therefore because of this'; correlation implies causation; faulty cause/effect, coincidental correlation, correlation without causation) – a faulty assumption that, because there is a correlation between two variables, one caused the other. [57]

  3. Trivial objections - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trivial_objections

    The fallacy often appears when an argument is difficult to oppose. The person making a trivial objection may appear ready to accept the argument in question, but at the same time they will oppose it in many different ways. [1] [2]: 165 These objections can appear in the form of lists, hypotheticals, and even accusations.

  4. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    A fallacy is the use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument [1] [2] that may appear to be well-reasoned if unnoticed. The term was introduced in the Western intellectual tradition by the Aristotelian De Sophisticis Elenchis. [3]

  5. Attacking Faulty Reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacking_Faulty_Reasoning

    Attacking Faulty Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Fallacy-free Arguments [1] is a textbook on logical fallacies by T. Edward Damer that has been used for many years in a number of college courses on logic, critical thinking, argumentation, and philosophy. It explains 60 of the most commonly committed fallacies.

  6. Correlative-based fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlative-based_fallacies

    Fallacies based on correlatives include: [1] False dilemma or false correlative. Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other possibility.

  7. Formal fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_fallacy

    In logic and philosophy, a formal fallacy [a] is a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure that can neatly be expressed in a standard logic system, for example propositional logic. [2] It is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument itself could have true premises, but still have a false ...

  8. Proof by example - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_example

    The following example demonstrates why this line of reasoning is a logical fallacy: I've seen a person shoot someone dead. Therefore, all people are murderers. In the common discourse, a proof by example can also be used to describe an attempt to establish a claim using statistically insignificant examples. In which case, the merit of each ...

  9. Double counting (fallacy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_counting_(fallacy)

    Double counting is a fallacy in reasoning. An example of double counting is shown starting with the question: What is the probability of seeing at least one 5 when throwing a pair of dice? An erroneous argument goes as follows: The first die shows a 5 with probability 1/6, and the second die shows a 5 with probability 1/6; therefore, the ...