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Positive inotropes are used to support cardiac function in conditions such as decompensated congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, septic shock, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, etc. [10] Examples of positive inotropic agents include: [citation needed] Digoxin; Berberine; Calcium; Calcium sensitisers Levosimendan [11] Catecholamines ...
Cardiotonic agents, also known as cardiac inotropes or stimulants, have a positive impact on the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart) by enhancing its contractility. . Unlike general inotropes, these agents exhibit a higher level of specificity as they selectively target the myocar
PDE3 inhibitors are indicated as inotropics for the therapy of acute heart failure if catecholamines are ineffective. [2] Well controlled studies have shown that these drugs generally increase mortality, [3] when used for the therapy of acute heart failure, so they have to be applied under close observation. [1]
Dobutamine is used to treat acute but potentially reversible heart failure, such as which occurs during cardiac surgery or in cases of septic or cardiogenic shock, on the basis of its positive inotropic action. [6] Dobutamine can be used in cases of congestive heart failure to increase cardiac output.
Both inotropic and lusitropic effects justify the use of amrinone to treat heart failure. Amrinone decreases the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure while increasing cardiac output, as it functions as an arterial vasodilator and increases venous capacitance while decreasing venous return. [ 5 ]
Haemorrhagic shock: Hypovolemia (Hypovolemic shock) Intravascular volume status Heart rate (Tachycardia) / Systolic blood pressure (Hypotension) / Decreased urine output: Intravenous fluid / Intraosseous infusion / Blood transfusion with packed red blood cells: Cardiogenic shock: Cardiac output: Positive inotropic agents / Chronotropes ...
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Medications used include: diuretic agents, vasodilator agents, positive inotropes, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone antagonists (e.g., spironolactone). Some medications which increase heart function, such as the positive inotrope milrinone, lead to increased death, and are contraindicated. [9] [10]