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Vitamin B 12 is absorbed by a B 12-specific transport proteins or via passive diffusion. [12] Transport-mediated absorption and tissue delivery is a complex process involving three transport proteins: haptocorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TC2), and respective membrane receptor proteins. HC is present in saliva.
It primarily serves to protect cobalamin (Vitamin B12) from acid degradation in the stomach by producing a HC-Vitamin B 12 complex. Once the complex has traveled to the more pH-neutral duodenum, pancreatic proteases degrade haptocorrin, releasing free cobalamin, which now binds to intrinsic factor for absorption by ileal enterocytes.
Because vitamin B 12 absorption is a multistep process that involves the stomach, pancreas and small intestine, and is mediated by two carriers: Haptocorrin and intrinsic factor, and because Haptocorrin (transcobalamin I) binds to vitamin B 12, and Vitamin B 12 is acid-sensitive, when vitamin B 12 binds to Haptocorrin it can safely pass through ...
That includes folks with an autoimmune disorder called pernicious anemia, who are unable to absorb B12, and people who take a lot of over-the-counter stomach-acid reducers, like famotidine ...
The same cells in the stomach that produce gastric hydrochloric acid, the parietal cells, also produce a molecule called the intrinsic factor (IF), which binds the B 12 after its release from haptocorrin by digestion, and without which only 1% of vitamin B 12 is absorbed. Intrinsic factor (IF) is a glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 45 kDa.
There are certainly benefits of vitamin B12, whether you take it as a pill or B12 shots, along with risks. B12 is a crucial vitamin necessary for wellness, supporting energy production (aka ...
In molecular biology, the vitamin B12-binding domain is a protein domain which binds to cobalamin (vitamin B12). It can bind two different forms of the cobalamin cofactor, with cobalt bonded either to a methyl group (methylcobalamin) or to 5'-deoxyadenosine (adenosylcobalamin).
However, in people who have the autoimmune disease pernicious anemia, antibodies bind to the intrinsic factor, keeping it from attaching to the B12 and allowing it to be absorbed. Malabsorption
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