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Heart sounds of a healthy human female with a functional or "innocent" heart murmur after exercise. A functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself. [1]
Associated with aortic valve regurgitation (or mitral regurgitation before rupture of chordae). It is a diastolic murmur heard over the mid-precordium. [16] Continuous and Combined Systolic/Diastolic. Patent ductus arteriosus may present as a continuous murmur radiating to the back. Severe coarctation of the aorta can present with a continuous ...
Still's murmur is detected via auscultation with a stethoscope.It has a peculiar "musical", "resonant" or "vibratory" quality that is quite unique. [1] [2] It is generally most easily heard at the left middle or lower sternal border and the right upper sternal border, often with radiation to the carotid arteries, although other locations are common.
This can also produce a mid-diastolic murmur, such as in severe mitral regurgitation where a large regurgitant volume in the left atrium can lead to "functional mitral stenosis." Mid-diastolic Austin Flint murmur: An apical diastolic rumbling murmur in patients with pure aortic regurgitation.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally should be closed in infancy. Since aortic pressure is higher than pulmonary pressure, a continuous murmur occurs. This murmur is often described as a machinery murmur, or Gibson's murmur. [2]
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The resultant configuration of this murmur is a crescendo-decrescendo murmur. Causes of midsystolic ejection murmurs include outflow obstruction, increased flow through normal semilunar valves, dilation of aortic root or pulmonary trunk, or structural changes in the semilunar valves without obstruction.
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