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2. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

   Rock crystal (var .) Shocked quartz (var ... There are a number of organic materials used as gems, including: ... Some minerals made into gemstones may display a ...

3. List of minerals - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_minerals

   Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.

4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is ...

5. List of individual gemstones - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individual_gemstones

   A number of individual gemstones are famous in their own right, either because of their size and beauty or because of the people who owned or wore them. Aquamarines [ edit ]

6. Gemology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemology

   Gemstones are basically categorized based on their crystal structure, specific gravity, refractive index, and other optical properties, such as pleochroism. The physical property of "hardness" is defined by the irregular Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Gemologists study these factors while valuing or appraising cut and polished gemstones.

7. List of mineral symbols - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mineral_symbols

   Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [ 1 ]