Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
X-ray atomic form factors of oxygen (blue), chlorine (green), Cl − (magenta), and K + (red); smaller charge distributions have a wider form factor.. In physics, the atomic form factor, or atomic scattering factor, is a measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom.
The two determinants of the F-factor are the effective atomic number (Z) of the material and the type of ionizing radiation being considered. Since the effective Z of air and soft tissue is approximately the same, the F-factor is approximately 1 for many x-ray imaging applications. However, bone has an F-factor of up to 4, due to its higher ...
A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns ( interference patterns ) obtained in X-ray , electron and neutron ...
The interaction between emitted longwave radiation and the atmosphere is complicated due to the factors that affect absorption. The path of the radiation in the atmosphere also determines radiative absorption: longer paths through the atmosphere result in greater absorption because of the cumulative absorption by many layers of gas.
Anomalous X-ray scattering (AXRS or XRAS) is a non-destructive determination technique within X-ray diffraction that makes use of the anomalous dispersion that occurs when a wavelength is selected that is in the vicinity of an absorption edge of one of the constituent elements of the sample. It is used in materials research to study nanometer ...
Historically, seismic waves have been modeled as 1D rays, a method referred to as "ray theory" that is relatively simple to model and can usually fit travel-time data well. [19] However, recorded seismic waveforms contain much more information than just travel-time and are affected by a much wider path than is assumed by
Coastal geography, although predominantly geomorphological in its research, is not just concerned with coastal landforms, but also the causes and influences of sea level change. Oceanography [ 7 ] is the branch of physical geography that studies the Earth's oceans and seas.