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Radicals are components used for sorting and retrieving Chinese characters. According to the glyph structure of Chinese characters, the common components of a group of characters are taken as the basis for character sorting and searching. And these components are called radicals.
'Chinese character radicals table') is a lexicographic tool used to order the Chinese characters in mainland China. The specification is also known as GF 0011-2009. In China's normative documents, "radical" is defined as any component or 偏旁 piānpáng of Chinese characters, while 部首 is translated as "indexing component". [2]
Radicals may appear in any position in a character. For example, 女 appears on the left side in the characters 姐, 媽, 她, 好 and 姓, but it appears at the bottom in 妾. Semantic components tend to appear on the top or on the left side of the character, and phonetic components on the right side or at the bottom. [7]
There are two CJK radicals blocks: the "Kangxi Radicals" block that includes the 214 standard radicals used in the Kangxi Dictionary; and the "CJK Radicals Supplement" block that includes 115 radical components used in other modern dictionaries, including simplified Chinese and Japanese radicals forms. [1]
The system of 214 Kangxi radicals is based on the older system of 540 radicals used in the Han-era Shuowen Jiezi. Since 2009, the Chinese Government has promoted a 201-radical system (Table of Han Character Radicals) called the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components, as a national standard for use with simplified character forms.
But, after the long evolution of the Chinese writing systems, quite a few components can no longer effectively play the roles and have become pure form components, or pure signs. From the internal structure point of view, modern Chinese characters are composed of semantic components ( 义符 ; 義符 ; yìfú ), phonetic components ( 音符 ...
These radicals are either listed as variants or not listed at all in the kangxi radical table. The 214 Kangxi radicals are technically classifiers as they are not always etymologically correct, [3] but since linguistics uses that word in the sense of "classifying" nouns (such as in counter words) dictionaries commonly call the kanji components ...
CJK strokes are an attempt to identify and classify all single-stroke components that can be used to write Han radicals. There are some thirty distinct types of strokes recognized in Chinese characters, some of which are compound strokes made from basic strokes. The compound strokes comprise more than one movement of the writing instrument, and ...