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Common sites of metastasis for breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumors, secondaries or stage IV breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the breast cancer cells have spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes. There is no cure for metastatic breast ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 January 2025. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Surgical Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on ...
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Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast ... Metastasis : No: Yes ...
Refractory metastatic melanoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crises, neuroblastoma, non-small cell lung cancer and breast cancer. Myelosuppression, neurotoxicity and paralytic ileus. Vinflunine: IV: As above. Bladder cancer: As per vinblastine. Vinorelbine: IV: As above. Breast cancer and non-small ...
If the tumor is diagnosed early, breast-saving surgery could be an option, although this is relatively uncommon. In non-metastatic MBC, the most common treatment is mastectomy. If the tumor is metastatic, surgery is no longer a viable option, and treatment generally defaults to aggressive chemotherapy.
Molecular classification of breast cancer from mRNA expression profiles. DNA microarrays have compared normal cells to breast cancer cells and found differences in the expression of hundreds of genes. Although the significance of many of those genetic differences is unknown, independent analyses by different research groups has found that ...
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