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In contrast to enriched flour, whole wheat flour contains both the bran and the germ. The remaining and largest portion of the seed is the endosperm. It acts as a nutrient reservoir for the developing embryo. The endosperm contains a large amount of carbohydrates, protein, iron, B vitamins (niacin and riboflavin), and soluble fiber.
Wheat flour sold in Colombia must by law be fortified with vitamin B 1, vitamin B 2, niacin (B 3), folic acid (B 9) and iron (Decreto 1944 of 1996). [ 13 ] El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
[5] [4] Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency. Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness. [7] Many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra. [5] [8]
Farro is particularly high in niacin—20% of your daily value in 1/4 cup—a B vitamin that gives ... Also known as dinkel or hulled wheat, spelt is often found ground into flour and added to ...
Pretzels made with enriched wheat flour contain more fiber and nutrients, such as iron, B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin), and calcium, compared to those made with white flour. Pretzels ...
Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
The middlings include those portions of the wheat kernel that are richest in proteins, vitamins, lipids and minerals. For example, highly refined patent flour may contain only 10 to 12% of the total thiamine and niacin, 20% of the phosphorus, and 50% of the calcium of the parent grain. [4]
Currently, Americans get plenty of niacin from their diet since flour, grains and cereals have been fortified with niacin since the 1940s after scientists discovered that very low levels of the ...
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