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Avidyā is a Sanskrit word whose literal meaning is ignorance, misconceptions, misunderstandings, incorrect knowledge, and it is the opposite of Vidya. [1] It is used extensively in Hindu texts, including the Upanishads, and in other Indian religions such as Buddhism and Jainism, particularly in the context of metaphysical reality. [2] [3] [4]
Asat, the word meaning non-existent or indescribable, appears seven times in the Rig Veda); it differs from the word, Mithya, which means false or untrue, . [3] Asat is the opposite of Rta. It is the ground of transcendence, the origin of all organized perception, the original ground any and all sounds count in order to sound, and is also ...
However, states Gonda, the verses suggest that this ancient meaning was never the only meaning, and the concept evolved and expanded in ancient India. [ 33 ] Barbara Holdrege states that the concept Brahman is discussed in the Vedas along four major themes: as the Word or verses ( Sabdabrahman ), [ 34 ] as Knowledge embodied in Creator ...
Doubt has positive and negative nature, this is the opposite of the nature of an object. According to Naiyayikas, knowledge is based on perception (anubhava), which is valid. But those based on remembrance (Smriti), doubt, error, and hypothetical argument are invalid.
Neti neti, meaning, "Not this, not this", is the method of Vedic analysis of negation. It is a keynote of Vedic inquiry. With its aid the Jnani negates identification with all things of this world, which is Anatman (Not-Self). Through this gradual process he negates the mind and transcends all worldly experiences that are negated till nothing ...
Meaning [ edit ] The Sanskrit word प्रज्ञा ( Prajña ) is the compound of "प्र ( pra- )" which prefix means – before, forward, fulfiller, and used as the intensifier but rarely as a separate word [ 1 ] and "ज्ञ ( jna )" which means - knowing or familiar with. [ 2 ]
The meaning of emptiness as contemplated here is explained at M I.297 and S IV.296-97 as the "emancipation of the mind by emptiness" (suññatā cetovimutti) being consequent upon the realization that "this world is empty of self or anything pertaining to self" (suññam ida ṃ attena vā attaniyena vā).
Glucklich states that adharma isn't the binary opposite of Dharma or absolutely unethical in Indian philosophy. Rather it is a complex functional subjective term just like dharma, with shades of meaning, that depends on circumstances, purpose and context. [7] Gene F. Collins Jr. defines Adharma as irreligiosity.