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Primary efflorescence is named such, as it typically occurs during the initial cure of a cementitious product. It often occurs on masonry construction, particularly brick, as well as some firestop mortars, when water moving through a wall or other structure, or water being driven out as a result of the heat of hydration as cement stone is being formed, brings salts to the surface that are not ...
Efflorescence is usually the result of mineral solutions in the capillary channels being drawn to the surface. If the water evaporates, the minerals remain as the so-called efflorescence. It also can be the result of chemical reaction; if badly prepared cement-based mortar is applied to maintain the stone in position, free calcium hydroxide may ...
In masonry, sulfates produced by the oxidation of pyrite in clay materials can be present in bricks. They are gradually released over a long period of time, causing sulfate attack of mortar, especially where moisture movement concentrates the sulfates. [4]
Example of secondary efflorescence in parking garage exposed to diluted road salt from vehicles entering the garage during winter. When water flows through cracks present in concrete, water may dissolve various minerals present in the hardened cement paste or in the aggregates, if the solution is unsaturated with respect to them.
Efflorescence: White, powdery residue found on basement walls near the floor. Mold : Fungi that usually grow in damp, dark areas and can cause respiratory problems after prolonged exposure. Foundation crack injections
Ultimately, treatment for extreme narcissism is to help individuals "learn to not deny feelings of sadness, fear or even healthy anger," Malkin has said. "In healthy relationships, we have to be ...
Shortly after construction was completed, Holmdene's bricks "were beginning to crumble and decompose," [1] manifesting a condition known as "efflorescence," which threatened the stability of the entire edifice. The affected walls were perforce demolished, and Roberts sued for consequential damages arising from the breach of the contract.
"Without treatment, chronic kidney disease can lead to end-stage kidney failure, which is fatal without dialysis or a kidney transplant." In the United States, more than 1 in 7 ...