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  2. Atmospheric entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_entry

    It may be controlled entry (or reentry) of a spacecraft that can be navigated or follow a predetermined course. Methods for controlled atmospheric entry, descent, and landing of spacecraft are collectively termed as EDL. Video of Orion's skip reentry on Artemis 1, showing the entire reentry process unedited from space to splashdown

  3. Aerodynamic heating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic_heating

    Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air. In science and engineering, an understanding of aerodynamic heating is necessary for predicting the behaviour of meteoroids which enter the Earth's atmosphere, to ensure spacecraft safely survive atmospheric reentry, and for the design of high-speed aircraft and missiles.

  4. Reentry capsule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentry_capsule

    The reentry capsule is the "middle" module of the three-part Soyuz or Shenzhou spacecraft – the orbital module is located at the front of the spacecraft, with the service or equipment module attached to the rear.

  5. Space Shuttle thermal protection system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_thermal...

    The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the extreme 1,650 °C (3,000 °F) heat of atmospheric reentry. A secondary goal was to protect from the heat and cold of space while in orbit.

  6. Spacecraft thermal control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_thermal_control

    In spacecraft design, the function of the thermal control system (TCS) is to keep all the spacecraft's component systems within acceptable temperature ranges during all mission phases. It must cope with the external environment, which can vary in a wide range as the spacecraft is exposed to the extreme coldness found in the shadows of deep ...

  7. Aeroshell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroshell

    A more constricted landing area calls for more strict accuracy. In such cases, a spacecraft will be more streamlined and possess a steeper re-entry trajectory angle. These factors combine to affect the re-entry corridor, the area in which a spacecraft must travel in order to avoid burning up or rebounding out of an atmosphere.

  8. Non-ballistic atmospheric entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ballistic_atmospheric...

    Phases of a skip reentry. Non-ballistic atmospheric entry is a class of atmospheric entry trajectories that follow a non-ballistic trajectory by employing aerodynamic lift in the high upper atmosphere. It includes trajectories such as skip and glide. [1] [2] Skip is a flight trajectory where the spacecraft goes in and out the atmosphere.

  9. Ablation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation

    In spacecraft design, ablation is used to both cool and protect mechanical parts and/or payloads that would otherwise be damaged by extremely high temperatures. Two principal applications are heat shields for spacecraft entering a planetary atmosphere from space and cooling of rocket engine nozzles.