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The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China after the revocation of Outer Mongolian autonomy (Chinese: 外蒙古撤治) began in October 1919 and lasted until 18 March 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg's White Russian (Buryats, [2] Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces. [3]
The Mongol conquest of China was a series of major military efforts by the Mongol Empire to conquer various empires ruling over China for 74 years (1205–1279). It spanned seven decades in the 13th century and involved the defeat of the Jin dynasty , Western Liao , Western Xia , Tibet , the Dali Kingdom , the Southern Song , and the Eastern Xia .
China–Mongolia relations (Chinese: 中国—蒙古国关系, Mongolian: Монгол-Хятадын харилцаа) refer to the bilateral relations between Mongolia and China. These relations have long been determined by the relations between China and the Soviet Union , Mongolia's other neighbour and main ally until early 1990 .
The Treaty of Kyakhta (Mongolian: Хиагтын гэрээ; Russian: Кяхтинский договор; Chinese: 中俄蒙協約) was a tri-party treaty signed on 25 May 1915 among Russia, Mongolia, and China.
[2]: 254 China took a defensive posture, directing its forces "not to fire the first shot; fight back when attacked". [2]: 254 The battle was relatively brief and China defeated South Vietnam. [2]: 254 China moved quickly to consolidate its position in the area and has maintained control of the Paracel Islands since. [2]: 254
The division affected today's separation of modern Mongolia and Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region of China. In addition to the Outer Mongolian 4 aimags and Inner Mongolian 6 leagues, there were also large areas such as the Khobdo frontier and the guard post zone along the Russian border where Qing administration exercised more direct control.
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Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (which was itself also a puppet state).