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The formula is based on experimental results by J. B. Johnson from around 1900 as an alternative to Euler's critical load formula under low slenderness ratio (the ratio of radius of gyration to effective length) conditions.
One innovative feature of the ASDEX Upgrade experiment is its all-tungsten first wall; tungsten is a good choice for the first wall of a tokamak because of its very high melting point (over 3000 degrees Celsius) which enables it to stand up to the very high heat fluxes emanating from the hot plasma at the heart of the tokamak; however there are ...
Analysis on a padeye is commonly performed in accordance with the Air Force Stress Analysis Manual [2] or ASME BTH-1. [3] The methodology in ASME BTH-1 only allows for axially loaded lugs, whereas the methodology in the Air Force Stress Analysis Manual allows for axial loading, transverse loading, or oblique (combined) loading.
As a symmetric 3×3 real matrix, the stress tensor has three mutually orthogonal unit-length eigenvectors,, and three real eigenvalues,,, such that =. Therefore, in a coordinate system with axes e 1 , e 2 , e 3 {\displaystyle e_{1},e_{2},e_{3}} , the stress tensor is a diagonal matrix, and has only the three normal components λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3 ...
The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...
Poisson's ratio of a material defines the ratio of transverse strain (x direction) to the axial strain (y direction)In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν ()) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction) of a material in directions perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.
Quite analogous to the electrostatics, where the product of the distance and electric field due to the i-th moment of the load (with 0th being the net charge, 1st the dipole, 2nd the quadrupole) decays as / + over space, Saint-Venant's principle states that high order moment of mechanical load (moment with order higher than torque) decays so ...
The cracks that nucleate do so perpendicular to the original crack and are known as secondary cracks. [9] The figure below emphasizes this point for wingtip cracks. These secondary cracks can grow to as long as 10-15 times the length of the original cracks in simple (uniaxial) compression. However, if a transverse compressive load is applied.