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During latency, most of the Herpes DNA is inactive, with the exception of LAT, which accumulates within infected cells. The region of HHV DNA which encodes LAT is known as LAT-DNA. After splicing, LAT is a 2.0-kilobase transcript (or intron ) produced from the 8.3-kb LAT-DNA.
Herpes simplex virions. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and HSV 2) are part of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses. The lytic phase of infection occurs within mucoepithelial cells while the latent infection of these cells occurs in neurons. These two viruses are the cause of oral and genital herpes. [4]
Herpes labialis infection occurs when the herpes simplex virus comes into contact with oral mucosal tissue or abraded skin of the mouth. [17] Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is most common; however, cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain are increasing.
Another analysis has estimated the mutation rate in the herpes simplex 1 genome to be 1.82×10 −8 nucleotide substitution per site per year. This analysis placed the most recent common ancestor of this virus ~710,000 years ago. [62] Herpes simplex 1 and 2 diverged about 60]
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [5] Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes , though other forms also exist.
Herpesviruses may enter a latent stage, inactively infecting their human host. Since its discovery in 1993, this phenomenon has been found among all of the betaherpesviruses. [39] Other betaherpesviruses establish latency as a nuclear episome, which is a circular DNA molecule (analogous to plasmids).
An example of such a gene product is the latency associated transcripts (LAT) in herpes simplex virus, which interfere with apoptosis by downregulating a number of host factors, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and inhibiting the apoptotic pathway. [17] A certain type of latency could be ascribed to the endogenous retroviruses.
Oral and/or genital herpes, herpetic gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis, eczema herpeticum, herpetic whitlow, herpes simplex keratitis, erythema multiforme, encephalitis, as well as other herpes simplex infections: Neuron (sensory ganglia) Close contact (oral or sexually transmitted infection) HHV-2: Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) α: Mucoepithelial