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Depiction of the sin of Adam and Eve (The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Pieter Paul Rubens). Original sin (Latin: peccatum originale) in Christian theology refers to the condition of sinfulness that all humans share, which is inherited from Adam and Eve due to the Fall, involving the loss of original righteousness and the distortion of the Image of God. [1]
Accordingly Augustine includes two things in the definition of sin; one, pertaining to the substance of a human act, and which is the matter, so to speak, of sin, when he says, word, deed, or desire; the other, pertaining to the nature of evil, and which is the form, as it were, of sin, when he says, contrary to the eternal law.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church, the Greek translation of which uses "προπατορική αμαρτία" (literally, 'ancestral sin') where the Latin text has "peccatum originale", states: "Original sin is called 'sin' only in an analogical sense: it is a sin 'contracted' and not 'committed'—a state and not an act. Although it is ...
After this, to willfully sin would be to fall from grace, though a person can be restored to fellowship with God through repentance. [11] [12] When the believer is entirely sanctified, their original sin is washed away. [11] Methodist theology firstly distinguishes between original sin and actual sin: [13]
Hamartia is sometimes applied to the fall of man from original righteousness that resulted in humanity's innate propensity for sin, that is original sin. [3] [27] For example, as in Romans 3:9, everyone is "under the power of sin". [28] A third application concerns the "weakness of the flesh" and the free will to resist sinful acts.
As a work of one of the most influential Church Fathers, The City of God is a cornerstone of Western thought, expounding on many questions of theology, such as the suffering of the righteous, the existence of evil, the conflict between free will and divine omniscience, and the doctrine of original sin.
The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics. [19] Other church fathers such as Augustine also shaped and developed the doctrine, [ 20 ] seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle ( Romans 5:12–21 and 1 Corinthians 15: ...
The concept of peccatism, which is intertwined with the doctrine of original sin, [4] was notably articulated by Augustine of Hippo in the 4th and 5th centuries. Augustine's interpretation of original sin suggests that all humans inherit a sinful nature due to the fall of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. [5]
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