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Patterns are typically rectangular in basic shape, and include the runway along one long side of the rectangle. Each leg of the pattern has a particular name: [3] Upwind leg. A flight path parallel to and in the direction of the landing runway. It is offset from the runway and opposite the downwind leg. Crosswind leg. A short climbing flight ...
Upwind_downwind_example.png (500 × 300 pixels, file size: 33 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Windward is upwind from the point of reference, i.e., towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is downwind from the point of reference, i.e., along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side".
This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Airport Traffic Pattern with Upwind Leg.jpg licensed with PD-USGov . 2009-12-16T15:07:30Z BendrixL 243x144 (9002 Bytes) {{Information |Description=Aiport Traffic Pattern with Upwind Leg |Source=FAA AIM 4-3-2 |Date=December 2009 |Author=FAA |Permission=Federal Govt Document |other_versions= }}
With other traffic present in the circuit, the aircraft might be positioned downwind in the circuit behind or between other traffic in order to land in turn. Alternatives to the overhead join are to directly join the circuit by entering at a suitable corner, or a straight-in approach.
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During takeoff and landing, an aircraft's wake sinks toward the ground and moves laterally away from the runway when the wind is calm. A three-to-five-knot (3–6 mph; 6–9 km/h) crosswind will tend to keep the upwind side of the wake in the runway area and may cause the downwind side to drift toward another runway. Since the wingtip vortices ...
For instance, if a vessel sails alternately in the directions 45° from the downwind direction, it will sail √ 2 (≈1.4) times farther than it would if it sailed dead downwind. However, as long as it can sail faster than 1.4 times its dead downwind speed, the indirect route will allow it to arrive at a chosen point sooner.