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The Czech Republic, [c] [12] also known as Czechia, [d] [13] and historically known as Bohemia, [14] is a landlocked country in Central Europe.The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. [15]
Czech historical lands and current administrative regions ()The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands [1] [2] [3] (Czech: České země, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskɛː ˈzɛmɲɛ]) is a historical-geographical term which, in a historical and cultural context, denotes the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia out of which Czechoslovakia, and later the Czech Republic, were formed.
In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution replaced the Communist regime with a democratic Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. Three years later, Czech and Slovak representatives agreed to the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia and the formation of separate states. In 1999, the Czech Republic joined Nato and in 2004, became a member of the European ...
In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic. In 1990, the name was changed to the Czech Republic, which became a separate state in 1993 with the breakup of Czechoslovakia. [7] Until 1948, Bohemia was an administrative unit of Czechoslovakia as one of its "lands" (země). [8]
Czech peasants, now free to leave the land, moved to cities and manufacturing centers. Urban areas, formerly populated by Germans, became increasingly Czech in character. The sons of Czech peasants were sent to school; some attended the university, and a new Czech intellectual elite emerged.
The Kingdom of Bohemia (Czech: České království), [a] sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, [8] [9] [a] was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the predecessor state of the modern Czech Republic. The Kingdom of Bohemia was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Czech Republic: The Czech Republic (also known as Czechia [1] [2] [3]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved into its constituent states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic is bordered by ...
At the price of the Republic: Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, 1929–1938 (U of Pittsburgh Press, 1995). Korbel, Josef. Twentieth Century Czechoslovakia: The Meaning of its History (1977) Mamatey, V. S., and R. Luža, eds. A History of the Czechoslovak Republic 1918-48 (1973) Skilling, H. ed. Czechoslovakia, 1918-88. Seventy Years from ...