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For a brief period, his Macedonian Empire was the most powerful in the world – the definitive Hellenistic state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of Ancient Greek civilization. Greek arts and literature flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in philosophy, engineering, and science spread across the empire and beyond.
The Kingdom of Macedonia (in dark orange) in c. 336 BC, at the end of the reign of Philip II of Macedon; other territories include Macedonian dependent states (light orange), the Molossians of Epirus (light red), Thessaly (desert sand color), the allied League of Corinth (yellow), neutral states of Sparta and Crete, and the western territories of the Achaemenid Empire in Anatolia (violet purple).
The first government of ancient Macedonia was established by the Argead dynasty of Macedonian kings during the Archaic period (8th–5th centuries BC). The early history of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia is obscure because of shortcomings in the historical record ; little is known of governmental institutions before the reign of Philip II ...
The Macedonian dynasty (Greek: Μακεδονική Δυναστεία) ruled the Byzantine Empire from 867 to 1056, following the Amorian dynasty. During this period, the Byzantine state reached its greatest extent since the Early Muslim conquests , and the Macedonian Renaissance in letters and arts began.
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control. [ 8 ]
Alexander's most immediate legacy was the introduction of Macedonian rule to huge new swathes of Asia. At the time of his death, Alexander's empire covered some 5,200,000 km 2 (2,000,000 sq mi), [260] and was the largest state of its time. Many of these areas remained in Macedonian hands or under Greek influence for the next 200–300 years.
The history of Macedonia encompasses various periods of history in a region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe, with borders that have varied considerably over time. For history of the whole Macedonian region, see History of Macedonia (region) .
"Ionian with shield-hat" (possibly Macedonian wearing the petasos or kausia), as soldier of the Achaemenid army, c. 480 BC. Xerxes I tomb relief.. Following the collapse of the Ionian Revolt, Persian authority in the Balkans was restored by Mardonius in 492 BC, [9] which not only included the re-subjugation of Thrace, but also the inclusion of Macedon as part of the Persian Empire under the ...