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The scientists translated the VIA-IS into Japanese and then back to English in order to be examined by the original creators of the VIA-IS. They confirmed that the Japanese version of the VIA-IS demonstrated face validity, test-retest reliability and internal consistency before administering it to young adults.
In addition to the absolute pass-through that uses incremental values (i.e., $2 cost shock causing $1 increase in price yields a 50% pass-through rate), some researchers use pass-through elasticity, where the ratio is calculated based on percentage change of price and cost (for example, with elasticity of 0.5, a 2% increase in cost yields a 1% increase in price).
Passthrough (or pass-through) may refer to: Passthrough (electronics), a device used to pass an unmodified signal Analog passthrough; Pass through device (automotive) Passthrough (architecture), an opening between the kitchen and the dining room; Pass-through (economics), offsetting a change in costs by changing prices Exchange-rate pass-through
Often, token economies are leveled programs. Clients can pass through different levels until they reach the highest level. At that point, behaviors are performed without token reinforcement. Higher levels require more complex behaviors. The incentive to progress from one level to the next is the availability of increasingly desirable reinforcers.
Separate studies on the presence of a doorway effect elicited incongruences with typical rhythms of life. Some suggest it may be reasonable to expect that humans should instead be rather facile with dealing with movement from one location to another, and its effects on memory recall – especially with objects one was recently carrying.
consequences and costs of obesity (see, e.g., Eric A. Finkelstein et al. 2005 and Shin-Yi Chou et al. 2004). While it is clear that the reasons for the epidemic are multifaceted, survey and economic data suggest that much of the rise in obesity can be attributed to an increase in caloric
Many behaviors are learned through interaction with others during early development of the brain. [82] Human behavior is distinct from the behavior of other animals in that it is heavily influenced by culture and language. Social learning allows humans to develop new behaviors by following the example of others. Culture is also the guiding ...
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