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Common names include elder, elderberry, black elder, European elder, European elderberry, and European black elderberry. [2] [3] It grows in a variety of conditions including both wet and dry fertile soils, primarily in sunny locations. The plant is widely grown as an ornamental shrub or small tree.
Valley elderberry longhorn beetles in California are very often found around red or blue elderberry bushes. Females lay their eggs on the bark. [ 9 ] Strong-scented flowers in wild populations of European elder ( S. nigra ) attract numerous, minute flower thrips which may contribute to the transfer of pollen between inflorescences.
Inedible parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stems, roots, seeds and unripe fruits, can be toxic [7] [8] due to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids. [9] Traditional methods of consuming elderberry includes jams, jellies, and syrups, all of which cook down the fruit and strain out the seeds.
Plant elderberry in an area you are able to easily access because these shrubs will require regular pruning. This fast-growing shrub may become unruly and looks best at the edge of a pond ...
The plant is classified by several different botanical names. Both the current United States Department of Agriculture database and The Jepson Manual of California flora (2013) classify it as S. nigra subsp. cerulea. [1] [2] The Sunset Western Garden Book identifies the plant as Sambucus mexicana, and note use of S. caerulea also. [5] [6]
Sambucus racemosa is medium-sized shrub growing 2–4 m (7–13 ft) (rarely 6 m (20 ft)) tall. The stems are soft, with a broad pith.. Each individual leaf is composed of 5 to 7 leaflike leaflets, each of which is up to 4–8 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) (rarely to 16 cm (6 + 1 ⁄ 4 in)) long, lance-shaped to narrowly oval, and irregularly serrated along the edges.
Sambucus ebulus, also known as danewort, dane weed, danesblood, dwarf elder or European dwarf elder, walewort, [2] dwarf elderberry, [3] elderwort and blood hilder, is a herbaceous species of elder, native to southern and central Europe and southwest Asia.
Capparis: caper bushes; Capparis cynophallophora: Jamaican caper Capparidaceae (caper family) Capparis flexuosa: limber caper Capparidaceae (caper family) Capparis spinosa: caperbush; caper bud; caper berry; prickly caper Capparidaceae (caper family) Caprifoliaceae: honeysuckle family; Sambucus: elders; Sambucus caerulea: blue-berried elder