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Exposure of the photo resist through a negative and its subsequent development creates areas on the plate that are either protected by the resist or exposed to the effects of the dye, bleach, or etchant that are used to create the contrasting mark. [9] Type 2 photosensitive anodized aluminum must be sealed just like Type 1.
In modern commercial lithography, the image is transferred or created as a patterned polymer coating applied to a flexible plastic or metal plate. [7] The printing plates, made of stone or metal, can be created by a photographic process, a method that may be referred to as "photolithography" (although the term usually refers to a vaguely ...
Offset printing has supplanted letterpress printing in most printing plants; the last letterpress facility for a newspaper was installed in the 1980s. For offset printing, the printing plates are typically prepared by coating them with light-sensitive materials, and creating the image on the plate by direct optical exposure (the photo-offset ...
The commercial process is a type of offset printing that uses photo-sensitized silicone rubber plates. [20] The waterless lithography process employed in fine art printmaking has been credited to Nik Semenoff, who developed it for use on metal plates. [21]
The root words photo, litho, and graphy all have Greek origins, with the meanings 'light', 'stone' and 'writing' respectively. As suggested by the name compounded from them, photolithography is a printing method (originally based on the use of limestone printing plates) in which light plays an essential role.
In the 19th century, a number of developments in photography allowed the production of photo-mechanical printing plates. Henry Fox Talbot mentions in 1852 the use of a textile in the photographic process to create half-tones in the printing plate. [1]: 19–21 A French patent in 1860 describes a reel-fed gravure press.
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