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An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
Domperidone (Motilium) is associated with a small increased risk of serious cardiac side effects. Its use is now restricted to the relief of nausea and vomiting and the dosage and duration of use have been reduced. It should no longer be used for the treatment of bloating and heartburn.
Syrup of ipecac (/ ˈ ɪ p ɪ k æ k /), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (Carapichea ipecacuanha), from which it derives its name.
"Gastrointestinal issues are common and can occur due to diet, infection, side effects from medications and stress," says Shah, who's a spokesperson for the American Gastroenterological Association.
Metoclopramide is a medication used to treat nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. [5] It is also used to treat migraine headaches. [6] Common side effects include feeling tired, diarrhea, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia. More serious side effects include neuroleptic malignant syndrome and depression. [5]
Dimenhydrinate is an inexpensive and effective over the counter medication for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. [23] Other factors to consider when choosing an antiemetic medication include the person's preference, side-effect profile, and cost. Nabilone is also indicated for this purpose.
The medication is taken by mouth. [4] Common side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, sleepiness, vomiting, and dry mouth. [4] It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon. [4] Loperamide's safety in pregnancy is unclear, but no evidence of harm has been found. [6] It appears to be safe in breastfeeding. [7]
Cyclizine, sold under a number of brand names, is a medication used to treat and prevent nausea, vomiting and dizziness due to motion sickness or vertigo. [2] It may also be used for nausea after general anaesthesia or that which developed from opioid use. [2] [3] It is taken by mouth, in the rectum, or injected into a vein. [3] [4]
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