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Attachment theory uses the Medusa Complex to refer to a self-destructive early state of inwardly directed aggression produced by a disruption of the mother/child mutual gaze. [5] Marion Woodman saw the Medusa Complex as a dissociated state produced by paralysis of the fight-or-flight response in a state of petrified fear. [6]
Affiliative conflict theory (ACT) is a social psychological approach that encompasses interpersonal communication and has a background in nonverbal communication. This theory postulates that "people have competing needs or desires for intimacy and autonomy" (Burgoon, p. 30).
The actions of the partners can be matched, as when one partner imitates the other or when there is mutual smiling. When reciprocal socialization has been investigated in infancy, mutual gaze or eye contact has been found to play an important role in early social interaction. "In one investigation, the mother and infant engaged in a variety of ...
Gaze following, or shared gaze, can be found in a number of primates. [6]: 155–71 [34] Domesticated animals such as dogs and horses also demonstrate shared gaze. [37] [38] This type of joint attention is important for animals because gaze shifts serve as indicators alerting the animal to the location of predators, mates, or food. [6]
Charles Goodwin, (1980), "Restarts, Pauses, and the Achievement of a State of Mutual Gaze at Turn-Beginning", Sociological Inquiry, vol. 50, no. 3-4, pp. 272–302. Charles Goodwin, (1979), "The Interactive Construction of a Sentence in Natural Conversation", In Everyday Language: Studies in Ethnomethodology (George Psathas, ed.),
People whose dogs had the most eye contact with them - a mutual gaze - registered the largest increases in oxytocin levels. The dogs also had an oxytocin spike correlating with that of their owner.
The stare-in-the-crowd effect is the notion that an eyes-forward, direct gaze is more easily detected than an averted gaze. First discovered by psychologist and neurophysiologist Michael von Grünau and his psychology student Christina Marie Anston using human subjects in 1995, [1] the processing advantage associated with this effect is thought to derive from the importance of eye contact as a ...
At Synanon, sobriety was achieved not just with mutual support but through mob-directed brainwashing. If an addict broke the rules, he faced public humiliation, such as being forced to wear a sign around his neck or shave his head. A centerpiece of the treatment was a confrontational form of group therapy that became known as the Game.