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Diabetes in cats can be classified into the following: Type 1 diabetes, in which the immune system attacks the pancreas, is "extremely rare" in cats, unlike in dogs and humans. [2] Type 2 diabetes is responsible for 80–95% of diabetic cases. They are generally severely insulin dependent by the time symptoms are diagnosed.
Studies have found the prevalence of heightened IGF-1 levels in cats with diabetes mellitus to range between 17.8% 27.3%. [5] [1] According to Claudia Reusch, a professor at the University of Zurich, the prevalence of hypersomatotropism in diabetic cats is 10-15%, in cases that are hard to regulate it rises to 30% or higher. [1]
Conditions included in this group are: [1] [2] Acral dry gangrene; Carotenosis; Diabetic dermopathy; Diabetic bulla; Diabetic cheiroarthropathy; Malum perforans; Necrobiosis lipoidica; Limited joint mobility is observed in roughly 30% of people with diabetes with longstanding disease. [1] Scleredema; Waxy skin is observed in roughly 50%. [1]
Necrobiosis lipoidica is a rare, chronic skin condition predominantly associated with diabetes mellitus (known as necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum or NLD). [1] It can also occur in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis or without any underlying conditions ( idiopathic ). [ 2 ]
It is the most common [1]: 540 [2]: 681 of several diabetic skin conditions, being found in up to 30% of diabetics. Similar lesions can occasionally be found in non-diabetics usually following trauma or injury to the area; however, more than 4 lesions strongly suggests diabetes.
Diabetic cheiroarthropathy, also known as diabetic stiff hand syndrome or limited joint mobility syndrome, is a cutaneous condition characterized by waxy, thickened skin and limited joint mobility of the hands and fingers, leading to flexion contractures, a condition associated with diabetes mellitus [1]: 681 and it is observed in roughly 30% of diabetic patients with longstanding disease.
A systematic review has found that diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects 30% of diabetes patients. [1] Diabetic neuropathy is implicated in 50–75% of nontraumatic amputations. The main risk factor for diabetic neuropathy is hyperglycemia. In the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, 1995) study, the annual incidence of neuropathy ...
A diabetic bulla, also known as bullosis diabeticorum, or bullous eruption of diabetes mellitus, is a cutaneous condition characterized by a noninflammatory, spontaneous, painless blister, often in acral locations (peripheral body parts, such as feet, toes, hands, fingers, ears or nose), seen in diabetic patients. [2] [3]: 681 [3]: 467–8