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  2. Triple-alpha process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-alpha_process

    Nuclear fusion reaction of two helium-4 nuclei produces beryllium-8, which is highly unstable, and decays back into smaller nuclei with a half-life of 8.19 × 10 −17 s, unless within that time a third alpha particle fuses with the beryllium-8 nucleus [3] to produce an excited resonance state of carbon-12, [4] called the Hoyle state, which ...

  3. Stellar nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis

    They fuse helium until the core is largely carbon and oxygen. The most massive stars become supergiants when they leave the main sequence and quickly start helium fusion as they become red supergiants. After the helium is exhausted in the core of a star, helium fusion will continue in a shell around the carbon–oxygen core. [20] [24]

  4. Carbon-burning process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-burning_process

    In stars between 9 and 11 solar masses, the 16 O already produced by helium fusion in the previous stage of stellar evolution manages to survive the carbon-burning process pretty well, despite some of it being used up by capturing 4 He nuclei. [1] [8] So the result of carbon burning is a mixture mainly of oxygen, neon, sodium and magnesium. [3] [5]

  5. CNO cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle

    The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen; sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Hans Albrecht Bethe and Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium, the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (p–p cycle), which is more efficient at the Sun's ...

  6. Helium flash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_flash

    Fusion of helium in the core of low-mass stars. A helium flash is a very brief thermal runaway nuclear fusion of large quantities of helium into carbon through the triple-alpha process in the core of low-mass stars (between 0.8 solar masses (M ☉) and 2.0 M ☉ [1]) during their red giant phase.

  7. Supernova nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_nucleosynthesis

    Supernova nucleosynthesis is the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements in supernova explosions.. In sufficiently massive stars, the nucleosynthesis by fusion of lighter elements into heavier ones occurs during sequential hydrostatic burning processes called helium burning, carbon burning, oxygen burning, and silicon burning, in which the byproducts of one nuclear fuel become, after ...

  8. Is iSpace getting into the rare helium mining business? - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/opinion-ispace-getting-rare...

    Helium 3’s main advantage as a fusion fuel is that it creates little or no radioactive byproducts and thus a reactor using it is easier to maintain. The disadvantage is that it takes a higher ...

  9. Nucleosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleosynthesis

    The majority of these occur within stars, and the chain of those nuclear fusion processes are known as hydrogen burning (via the proton–proton chain or the CNO cycle), helium burning, carbon burning, neon burning, oxygen burning and silicon burning. These processes are able to create elements up to and including iron and nickel.