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According to cognitive consistency theory, anger is caused by an inconsistency between a desired, or expected, situation and the actually perceived situation, and triggers responses, such as aggressive behavior, with the expected consequence of reducing the inconsistency. [35] [36] [37] Sleep deprivation also seems to be a cause of anger. [38]
The theory of constructed emotion (formerly the conceptual act model of emotion [1]) is a theory in affective science proposed by Lisa Feldman Barrett to explain the experience and perception of emotion. [2] [3] The theory posits that instances of emotion are constructed predictively by the brain in the moment as needed.
There are links between child emotional dysregulation and later psychopathology. [14] For instance, ADHD symptoms are associated with problems with emotional regulation, motivation, and arousal. [15] One study found a connection between emotional dysregulation at 5 and 10 months, and parent-reported problems with anger and distress at 18 months.
Neo-Piagetian theories criticize and build on Piaget's work. Juan Pascaual-Leone was the first to propose a neo-Piagetian stage theory. Since that time several neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development have been proposed. [12] These include the theories of Robbie Case, Grame Halford, Andreas Demetriou and Kurt W. Fischer.
The constructive developmental framework (CDF) is a theoretical framework for epistemological and psychological assessment of adults. The framework is based on empirical developmental research showing that an individual's perception of reality is an actively constructed "world of their own", unique to them and which they continue to develop over their lifespan.
In conflicts, destructive behaviours can also appear: violence, coercion, intimidation, blackmailing, deception und seduction. [46] Negative emotions such as anger and fear make it difficult to work through the differences. [47] [1] Moreover, anger is often contagious, because a person who is met with anger reacts in turn more often angrily. [48]
Many researchers do not differentiate between fluid emotional states and relatively stable personality traits. Lazarus holds that positive psychology claims to be new and innovative but the majority of research on stress and coping theory makes many of the same claims as positive psychology.
Deutsch was the first psychologist to use the Prisoner's Dilemma to study trust between small groups or pairings of individuals. [23] During this period his work in conflict resolution continued to grow in influence, including his differentiation between constructive conflict and destructive conflict. [24]