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Twilight anesthesia is applied to various types of medical procedures and surgeries. It is a popular choice among surgeons and doctors who are performing anything from minor plastic surgeries to dental work, and procedures that do not require extensive operations or long durations in favor of less nausea and a limited recovery period after surgery.
Most propofol is conjugated in the liver with pharmacologically inactive metabolites. [33] Although it has a long terminal elimination half-life of 4 to 30 hours, plasma concentrations remain low after the typical induction dose. [33]
To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
Propofol can be used for total intravenous anaesthetia (TIVA), therefore supplementation by inhalation agents is not required. [45] General anesthesia is usually considered safe; however, there are reported cases of patients with distortion of taste and/or smell due to local anesthetics, stroke, nerve damage, or as a side effect of general ...
Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs.
Sedation is typically used in minor surgical procedures such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or dentistry and for reconstructive surgery, some cosmetic surgeries, removal of wisdom teeth, or for high-anxiety patients. [2] Sedation methods in dentistry include inhalation sedation (using nitrous oxide), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation ...
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Propofol [6] is a non-barbiturate derivative that is thought to act by stimulating inhibitory GABA receptors and blocking excitatory NMDA receptors. It takes 40 seconds for the effects of propofol to kick in, and effects last six minutes. [3] Propofol has both sedative and amnestic effects, but provides no analgesia.