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Viscum is a genus of about 70–100 species of mistletoes, native to temperate and tropical regions of Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia. [1] Traditionally, the genus has been placed in its own family Viscaceae, but recent genetic research by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group shows this family to be correctly placed within a larger circumscription of the sandalwood family, Santalaceae.
The lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, has been found to explosively-disperse its seeds through thermogenesis. [3] Dwarf mistletoe seeds are enveloped in a hygroscopic, glue-like substance called viscin. Many fail to land on a suitable host's shoot, but some succeed, and in this way they are spread through the forests as a ...
Phainopepla are closely associated with desert mistletoe, and are the most effective dispersers of its seeds. [4] As a mistletoe specialist, phainopepla have a specialized digestive system, and process berries very quickly without the gizzard crushing the seeds; berries are defecated 12–45 minutes after being eaten.
A mistletoe seed germinates on the branch of a host tree or shrub, and in its early stages of development it is independent of its host. It commonly has two or even four embryos, each producing its hypocotyl, that grows toward the bark of the host under the influence of light and gravity, and potentially each forming a mistletoe plant in a ...
Peraxilla colensoi, the scarlet mistletoe, is a shrubby parasitic plant composed of broad, leathery leaves that grow up to 8 cm long and have a red edge. The common name is derived from the scarlet petals of the plant that bloom every October to January. These mistletoes are parasitic plants whose seeds attach themselves to host plants.
Arceuthobium pusillum is a perennial, obligate parasitic plant in the sandalwood family. [1] Its common names include Dwarf mistletoe or Eastern dwarf mistletoe.It is one of the most widespread dwarf mistletoes within its range which covers the eastern United States and Canada, from Saskatchewan to Nova Scotia and New Jersey. [2]
Viscum album is a species of mistletoe in the family Santalaceae, commonly known as European mistletoe, common mistletoe, or simply as mistletoe (Old English mistle). [2] It is native to Europe as well as to western and southern Asia. [3] V. album is found only rarely in North America, as an introduced species.
Muellerina is a member of Santalales, the mistletoe order, placed within the family Loranthaceae.The name Muellerina was first published by Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem in 1895, [4] where one New Zealand species, Muellerina raoullii, and two Australian species (Muellerina celastroides and M. eucalyptifolia - now M. eucalyptoides) are given. [5]