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For example, gentamicin is an antibiotic that can be nephrotoxic (kidney damaging) and ototoxic (hearing damaging); measurement of gentamicin through concentrations in a patient's plasma and calculation of the AUC is used to guide the dosage of this drug. [3] AUC becomes useful for knowing the average concentration over a time interval, AUC/t.
The absorption rate constant K a is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time −1. [1] The K a is related to the absorption half-life (t 1/2a) per the following equation: K a = ln(2) / t 1/2a.
It is possible to calculate the amount of a drug in the blood plasma that has a real potential to bring about its effect using the formula: D e = B ⋅ D a {\displaystyle De=B\cdot Da\,} where De is the effective dose , B bioavailability and Da the administered dose.
The primary sign of augmented renal clearance is an increase in the creatinine clearance well above that which would be considered normal. Commonly, ARC is defined as a creatinine clearance of greater than 130 mL/min, but the effects of increased clearance on therapy are not directly correlated to a specific number.
“Antibiotics are chosen very carefully based on the patient being treated — e.g., age, weight, kidney function — the type of infection being treated and the bacteria causing the infection ...
Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. [7] It is administered intravenously ( injection into a vein ) to treat complicated skin infections , bloodstream infections , endocarditis , bone and joint infections, and meningitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . [ 8 ]
Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...
In pharmacology, the volume of distribution (V D, also known as apparent volume of distribution, literally, volume of dilution [1]) is the theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma. [2]