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A simple example of this is conditioned food aversion, or the aversion developed to food that has previously resulted in sickness. Food aversions can also be conditioned using classical conditioning , so that an animal learns to avoid a stimulus previously neutral that has been associated with a negative outcome. [ 3 ]
Consequences that lead to appetitive behavior such as subjective "wanting" and "liking" (desire and pleasure) function as rewards or positive reinforcement. [2] There is also negative reinforcement, which involves taking away an undesirable stimulus. An example of negative reinforcement would be taking an aspirin to relieve a headache.
An angle larger than a right angle and smaller than a straight angle (between 90° and 180°) is called an obtuse angle [6] ("obtuse" meaning "blunt"). An angle equal to 1 / 2 turn (180° or π radians) is called a straight angle. [5] An angle larger than a straight angle but less than 1 turn (between 180° and 360°) is called a reflex ...
Fig. 7b – Proof of the law of cosines for obtuse angle γ by "cutting and pasting". One can also prove the law of cosines by calculating areas. The change of sign as the angle γ becomes obtuse makes a case distinction necessary. Recall that a 2, b 2, and c 2 are the areas of the squares with sides a, b, and c, respectively;
The summit angles of a Saccheri quadrilateral are acute if the geometry is hyperbolic, right angles if the geometry is Euclidean and obtuse angles if the geometry is elliptic. The sum of the measures of the angles of any triangle is less than 180° if the geometry is hyperbolic, equal to 180° if the geometry is Euclidean, and greater than 180 ...
Reinforcing consequences increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future; it is further divided into positive and negative reinforcement. Punishing consequences decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future; like reinforcement, it is divided into positive and negative punishment. An example of punishment may ...
An example of a concave polygon. A simple polygon that is not convex is called concave , [ 1 ] non-convex [ 2 ] or reentrant . [ 3 ] A concave polygon will always have at least one reflex interior angle —that is, an angle with a measure that is between 180 degrees and 360 degrees exclusive.
Skinner described operant conditioning as strengthening behaviour through reinforcement. Reinforcement can consist of positive reinforcement, in which a desirable stimulus is added; negative reinforcement, in which an undesirable stimulus is taken away; positive punishment, in which an undesirable stimulus is added; and negative punishment, in which a desirable stimulus is taken away. [7]